Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is a characterized by a poor fit between the "ball" and "socket" of the hip joints: the head of the thigh bone (femur) fails to fit properly into the joint socket (acetabulum). The bone surfaces rub may against each other, causing pain and osteoarthritis.

Reputable purebred dog breeders are quite familiar with dysplasia.  The disorder is more common in some breeds of large dogs, like German Shepherds, Rotweillers, and Labrador Retrievers. The disease is inherited, so responsible breeders screen their adult dogs before breeding them, and their puppies before selling them as pets.

There are two methods for detecting hip dysplasia, the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) and University of Pennsylvania (PennHIP) methods. Both rely upon x-rays (the angles used depend on the method), and rate the severity of dysplasia on a scale. 

The primary sign of canine dysplasia is subluxation, or partial dislocation of the hip joint. 

Symptoms: Trouble climbing stairs, not wanting to jump, and not wanting to play.

For more information:

Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA)
http://www.offa.org

University of Pennsylvania (PennHIP)
 http://www.vet.upenn.edu/pennhip.

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